Skip to main content
U.S. Flag

An official website of the United States government

CMS Design System

Spinner

Spinners signify that the application is waiting for an asynchronous operation to complete.

Changing the spinner color

To change the color of the spinner, one only has to change the color property of the spinner element. This can be done with the standard Design System utility classes. The color of the spinner also defaults to inherit, so it will take on the color of the text in its parent container.

Use inside buttons

Code snippet
<button class="ds-c-button ds-u-margin-right--2" type="button">
  <span class="ds-c-spinner ds-c-spinner--small" role="status">
    <span class="ds-u-visibility--screen-reader">Loading</span>
  </span>
  Loading
  <!-- -->
</button>
<button
  class="ds-c-button ds-c-button--primary ds-u-margin-right--2"
  type="button"
>
  <span
    class="ds-c-spinner ds-c-spinner--small ds-c-spinner--inverse"
    role="status"
  >
    <span class="ds-u-visibility--screen-reader">Loading</span>
  </span>
  Loading
  <!-- -->
</button>
<button class="ds-c-button ds-c-button--big ds-u-margin-right--2" type="button">
  <span class="ds-c-spinner" role="status">
    <span class="ds-u-visibility--screen-reader">Loading</span>
  </span>
  Big button
  <!-- -->
</button>
<button
  class="ds-c-button ds-c-button--success ds-c-button--big ds-u-margin-right--2"
  type="button"
>
  <span class="ds-c-spinner" role="status">
    <span class="ds-u-visibility--screen-reader">Loading</span>
  </span>
  Big green button
  <!-- -->
</button>

"Filled" mode

To provide more contrast when being rendered over other content, the .ds-c-spinner--filled class can be added to give it an appropriately shaped background with some padding.

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Loading

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Loading
Code snippet
<div
  class="ds-u-fill--background-inverse ds-u-color--base-inverse ds-u-padding--2"
  style="position: relative"
>
  <p>
    We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union,
    establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common
    defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
    ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for
    the United States of America.
  </p>
  <div
    class="ds-u-display--flex ds-u-justify-content--center ds-u-align-items--center"
    style="position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0; left: 0"
  >
    <span class="ds-c-spinner ds-c-spinner--filled" role="status">
      <span class="ds-u-visibility--screen-reader">Loading</span>
    </span>
  </div>
</div>
<div class="ds-u-padding--2" style="position: relative">
  <p>
    We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union,
    establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common
    defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
    ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for
    the United States of America.
  </p>
  <div
    class="ds-u-display--flex ds-u-justify-content--center ds-u-align-items--center"
    style="position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0; left: 0"
  >
    <span
      class="ds-c-spinner ds-c-spinner--inverse ds-c-spinner--filled"
      role="status"
    >
      <span class="ds-u-visibility--screen-reader">Loading</span>
    </span>
  </div>
</div>

<Spinner>

View Source File

Code snippet

Props

React Properties Documentation
NameTypeDefaultDescription
aria-valuetextstring

The text announced to screen readers

classNamestring

Additional classes to be added to the spinner element. Useful for adding utility classes.

inversedboolean

Applies the inverse theme styling

filledboolean

Adds a background behind the spinner for extra contrast

rolestring'status'

Landmark role so the spinner can receive keyboard focus

size'small' | 'big'

Smaller or larger variant

Guidance

When to use

  • To indicate a loading state for quick asynchronous tasks

When to consider alternatives

  • When the process it is waiting for takes a long time. Spinners provide no feedback other than that we're waiting, so long processes can make users nervous that something went wrong. Consider adding descriptive text or another UX pattern entirely.
  • When you are loading a whole page of content. If all you show the user is a spinner, the user may spend several seconds watching the spinner to be surprised with all the content all at once. Consider using a skeleton screen so the user knows what to expect.

Usage

  • If the process takes a long time, use something else.

Accessibility

  • The Spinner element should have an aria-valuetext attribute with a value of loading to provide a human readable text alternative for screen readers.
  • When placed within a parent container, the parent element should include several ARIA attributes: aria-relevant, aria-live, and optionally aria-atomic.
    • aria-relevant may include additions, text, and removals. If a section will have items added or removed, use additions removals. If there will be additions or text changes without explicit removals, use additions text.
    • aria-live should be set to polite for a screen reader to speak the changes whenever the user is idle. aria-live="assertive" should only be used in situations that require a users immediate attention.
    • By default, a screen reader will only speak the contents of a changed node, and not the entire contents of the element. Set aria-atomic="true" for cases, such as an address, where a screen reader should read the contents of the entire element.

Customization

The following Sass variables can be overridden to customize Spinner components:

VariableDefault Core Theme Value
$spinner__background-color$color-white
$spinner__color$color-base
$spinner__background-color--inverse$color-background-inverse
$spinner__color--inverse$color-white

Learn more